Final answer:
Paraplegia is the paralysis of both lower limbs and is the correct answer to the student's question. It is caused by spinal cord injuries that impair the communication between the brain and body, leading to a loss of sensation and voluntary motor control.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the student's question is B) Paraplegia.
Paraplegia is a form of paralysis that affects both symmetric parts of the body, typically the lower limbs. It occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord that prevents messages from traveling between the brain and the affected parts of the body. This loss of sensation and voluntary motor control of the lower body can result from various causes, including trauma like car or sports accidents and diseases affecting the lower motor neurons (LMNs).
Other forms of paralysis include:
- Hemiplegia, which affects one side of the body and is often associated with a hemisection of the spinal cord or brain injuries.
- Quadriplegia, which affects all four limbs as well as the trunk and pelvic organs, usually due to a higher injury on the spinal cord.
- Monoplegia, which involves paralysis of a single limb.