Final answer:
The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterus that undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterus and consists of two layers: the stratum basalis and the stratum functionalis. The stratum functionalis undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle. It grows and thickens in response to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone, and if fertilization does not occur, it is the stratum functionalis layer that sheds during menstruation.