Final answer:
After expansions into new areas like those by the Romans out of Africa, the typical pattern led to assimilation, where conquered peoples were integrated into the governing structures and society. Roman rule introduced new amenities and a pattern of cultural integration ensued. Similar patterns of interaction and integration occurred with later expansions such as the Bantu migrations and European colonization of the Americas.
Step-by-step explanation:
When expansions of civilizations such as Rome occurred, there was often a pattern that unfolded over generations, leading to either assimilation or replacement. The pattern that occurred in the provinces after they were conquered by the Romans led to assimilation.
Resistance movements and rebellions were common initially, but these were quashed with brutal force, often worse than during the initial invasion. Following this, local elites began to integrate into the governance structures, such as the governor's office, and ambitious individuals ensured their sons learned Latin to elevate their status and opportunities.
Over time, locals started joining the Roman army, acquiring significant wealth, and land upon their return. The introduction of Roman amenities like aqueducts, baths, and the construction of roads linking the provinces to the rest of the empire further facilitated assimilation. Eventually, not only did the elites start identifying with Roman civilization, but also regular people in the countryside, at the very least, learned to tolerate Roman rule.
In the case of the Bantu migrations, interactions with existing populations were inevitable, and evidence points to a complex set of dynamics that included cultural absorption and assimilation. Similarly, in the Americas, colonies founded after the initial conquests by European powers, such as Spain and Portugal, saw a pattern that required navigating relationships with their home countries for support while dealing with the indigenous peoples through varying approaches of collaboration, exploitation, and assimilation.
Understanding these historical patterns of expansion, assimilation, and the complex interactions between conquering and indigenous peoples offers insights into the broader processes of cultural integration and identity formation.