Final answer:
The correct answer is option 4) Doves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The context of the question revolves around dietary laws from a historical and religious perspective, particularly from the Israelite's diet as outlined in the Bible. Among the birds listed - hawks, owls, eagles, doves, and ravens - the only bird that is not prohibited for consumption by the Israelites is the dove. This is related to the list of clean and unclean animals found in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 in the Hebrew Bible where birds of prey like eagles, hawks, and ravens, as well as nocturnal predators like owls, are deemed unclean and not to be eaten. Doves, however, were considered clean birds and thus permissible for consumption.
To further explain, raptors, which includes hawks, eagles, and owls, are carnivorous and have adaptations such as clawed feet, strong legs, and beaks suited for killing and eating other animals.
In contrast, doves are perching birds that may eat a variety of foods such as seeds, fruits, and occasionally insects, but they do not have the carnivorous traits of raptors.