Final answer:
The final layer of the skin is the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of the epidermis. It is made up of dead keratinocytes that form a protective, waterproof barrier.
Step-by-step explanation:
The final layer of the skin is known as the epidermis, specifically the stratum corneum. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin in mammals. It includes several layers of cells, with the stratum corneum being the topmost layer. This layer consists of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin, which provide a tough, waterproof barrier for the skin. Cells within the epidermis continuously divide and shift towards the surface, becoming more keratin-rich and ultimately forming the protective outer layer of dead cells that we see and feel.
The epidermis serves as a protective barrier between the environment and the internal tissues. Below the epidermis is the dermis, which contains blood vessels, sensory receptors, hair follicles, and glands. The skin's structure supports its functions related to protection, sensation, and regulation. The hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue lies beneath the epidermis and dermis, providing attachment to underlying muscles and bones as well as housing fat deposits and larger blood vessels.