Final answer:
The chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in the carotid body are served by the glossopharyngeal nerve, and those in the aortic arch are served by the vagus nerve, contributing to cardiovascular homeostasis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemo- and baroreceptors in the carotid body are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), while the chemo- and baroreceptors in the aortic arch are innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). These receptors play a crucial role in monitoring and regulating blood pressure and the chemical composition of the blood, sending signals to the cardiovascular and respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata to maintain vascular homeostasis.
Specifically, the baroreceptors are stretch receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure, and the chemoreceptors monitor levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions (pH) in the blood.