Final answer:
Close air support (CAS) is the element of counterland operations that involves air action by aircraft against hostile targets near friendly forces that requires detailed integration with ground operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The element of counterland operations that is defined as 'air action by fixed and rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces' is called close air support (CAS).Close air support involves providing air support to ground forces by engaging targets that are near friendly troops. This requires coordination and integration between the air missions and the movements of the friendly forces. One example of close air support is when aircraft are called in to provide cover fire for ground troops during an assault or to target enemy forces that are posing a threat to friendly forces. Close air support plays a crucial role in supporting ground operations and ensuring the safety and success of friendly forces during combat.