Final answer:
Authorization (AuthZ) in IAM is the process that determines a user's rights within a system, based on their role, policies, or rules.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is Authorization (AuthZ) in IAM?
Authorization (AuthZ) in the context of Identity Access Management (IAM) refers to the process and policies that determine what rights or privileges a user has within a system or network. After a user is authenticated (proven their identity), AuthZ checks what resources the user is allowed to access and what operations they are permitted to perform. These permissions are typically based on a user’s role within an organization, specific policies, or rules aligned with organizational needs and security requirements. Authorization is a crucial component of IAM and works in concert with authentication and identity management to ensure that only the right individuals have the right access to resources at the right times.