Final answer:
The Philadelphia chromosome is formed by a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
Step-by-step explanation:
A translocation occurs when a segment of a chromosome dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome. In the case of the Philadelphia chromosome, it is formed by a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation is specifically associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
The fusion of these two chromosomes results in the production of the BCR-abl fusion protein, which is an oncogenic tyrosine kinase.