Final answer:
Cognition is the process component through which conscious mental activity occurs. It encompasses thinking processes such as perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process component through which our current conscious mental activity occurs is cognition. Cognition refers to the thinking processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. It involves the integration, organization, and utilization of our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all the unconscious work that our brains are doing. Memory is a key function of cognition, as it is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information.