Final answer:
The strong desire to master one's environment and succeed, based on self-belief, defines self-efficacy, which plays a pivotal role in motivation and pursuit of goals. The correct option is 1) Self-efficacy
Step-by-step explanation:
A strong desire to do things for yourself in order to master the physical and social environment and to be competent and successful is commonly referred to as self-efficacy.
According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their own capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment.
Those with high self-efficacy are more likely to take on challenging tasks and pursue them despite setbacks, while those with low self-efficacy may avoid challenging tasks and focus on negative outcomes. Bandura's array of work, including his book Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, expands on this concept, emphasizing its importance in motivation, behavior change, and personal success.
Self-motivation is closely related, as it involves the drive to achieve and persevere towards goals often influenced by one's self-efficacy.
This concept can be further understood in the context of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development and Julian Rotter's locus of control framework, contributing to how individuals perceive and motivate themselves toward competence and achievement. The correct option is 1) Self-efficacy