Final answer:
Joe is a normal male with XY sex chromosomes, which is the typical male chromosomal pattern. Chromosomal aberrations such as XXY or XO can occur due to nondisjunction errors during meiosis, leading to conditions like Klinefelter syndrome or Turner syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
Joe, being described as a normal male, will have the sex chromosomes combination of XY, which makes him genetically male. In humans, females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males possess one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY). However, due to errors in meiosis such as nondisjunction, abnormal combinations of sex chromosomes can occur. Nondisjunction is a failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division, and can result in individuals with additional chromosomes, such as XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) or XYY, or a missing chromosome, such as XO (Turner syndrome).
These errors during meiosis can cause a variety of developmental and physiological conditions depending on the specific aberration of the chromosome number. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) typically results in phenotypically male individuals with certain characteristics like small testes and reduced body hair. Turner syndrome (XO) is characterized by phenotypically female individuals with distinct features such as short stature and sterility. Despite these chromosomal differences, Joe's normal XY set of chromosomes determines his male sex.