Final answer:
Resolution is the term that describes the precision of detail in an image and is influenced by many factors, including the quality of optic lenses and atmospheric disturbances. In digital photography, it refers to the pixel count, whereas in astronomy, it's measured in arcseconds.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the degree of detail that can be seen in an image is resolution. Resolution is crucial for astronomers who require sharp images to study celestial bodies in detail. Whether it's following weather patterns on Jupiter or exploring the core of a violently interacting galaxy, resolution dictates the smallest features that can be distinguished within an image. This precision of detail depends on factors like the quality of lenses and atmospheric conditions when viewed from Earth. In digital imagery, resolution relates to the number of pixels and affects the clarity and detail perceived in a photo. Recognition of tiny objects, like those under a microscope, also depends on resolution for clarity at high magnification levels.
Furthermore, the resolution of a telescope is often measured in arcseconds, which conveys the angular size of the smallest detail observable in the sky. A refining point to mention is that not only does resolution involve the physical constraints of optical devices but is also limited by the wave properties of light and biological factors such as the human eye's anatomy and brain processing capabilities.