Final answer:
The primary muscles in the posterior view of the back are the erector spinae group, including iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis, along with the psoas major, iliacus muscles, and quadratus lumborum muscle, which support movement and stability of the vertebral column and posture.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary Muscles of the Posterior Back
The primary muscles in the posterior view of the back include the erector spinae group, which is a major contributor to the muscle mass of the back and acts as the primary extensor of the vertebral column. This group consists of the iliocostalis (laterally placed), longissimus (intermediately placed), and spinalis (medially placed) muscles. Additionally, the posterior abdominal wall plays a significant role in stabilizing the body and maintaining posture, which includes the lumbar vertebrae, parts of the ilia of the hip bones, psoas major and iliacus muscles, and the quadratus lumborum muscle.
The posterior muscles of the neck are primarily concerned with head movements, such as extension. They work in conjunction with the muscles of the back to allow for complex movements like flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, and to maintain the lumbar curve. The core muscles of the posterior abdominal wall are essential in supporting the rest of the body and in maintaining an upright posture.