Question

How do kidneys regulate acid-base balance through 2 mechanisms?

1) By reabsorbing bicarbonate and excreting hydrogen ions
2) By reabsorbing hydrogen ions and excreting bicarbonate
3) By reabsorbing carbon dioxide and excreting oxygen
4) By reabsorbing oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide

Answer 1

The kidneys maintain acid-base balance by reabsorbing bicarbonate and excreting hydrogen ions to neutralize acidity, and by adjusting bicarbonate production and reabsorption based on the body's pH level.

Step-by-step explanation:

The kidneys regulate acid-base balance through two primary mechanisms:

1. By reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-) and excreting hydrogen ions (H+), which helps to neutralize acidity and raise blood pH.
2. By regulating the production and reabsorption of bicarbonate depending on the body's pH level. When the blood is too acidic, the kidneys conserve bicarbonate and excrete more H+; when the blood is too alkaline, they lower bicarbonate conservation.

These processes not only maintain the acid-base balance but are also vital in maintaining homeostasis of mineral ions and controlling the volume of extracellular fluid, including the blood.