Final answer:
The correct term for software that damages, controls, or collects information maliciously is 'malware.' This is a broad term that encompasses viruses, spyware, ransomware, and other malicious code designed to harm or take advantage of infected systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Malicious Software
The term malicious software, often referred to as malware, is a general descriptor for any invasive software designed to damage, control, or extract information from an endpoint without the user's consent. The options provided in the question describe different types of malware:
- A virus is a type of malware that replicates by inserting copies of itself into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of a computer's hard drive.
- Spyware is a malware that secretly observes the computer user's activities without permission and reports it to the software's author.
- Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts the user's data and demands payment for the decryption key.
Therefore, the appropriate answer to the overarching question about malicious software that harms, controls, or steals information would be option 2) Malware.
Hackers use various tactics to deploy malware, including tricking individuals into clicking malicious links or divulging sensitive information. It's crucial to have robust cybersecurity measures to protect against these threats.