Final answer:
The conflict style that includes both direct aggression and passive aggression is Competing, which involves a win-lose approach with behaviors aimed at asserting dominance over the other party, whether through open confrontation or subtler means.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflict style that commonly includes both direct aggression and passive aggression is Competing. Competing is often characterized by a desire to win and assert one's position over another's, potentially involving direct aggression to influence an outcome in one's favor.
Conversely, passive aggression in the context of competing might manifest as indirect actions or expressions, such as procrastination or veiled insults, aimed to undermine the other party without open hostility.
Direct aggression in human conflicts is exemplified by hostile aggression, which is motivated by feelings of anger with the intent to cause pain. This contrasts with instrumental aggression, where the intent is to achieve a specific goal.
In practice, political conflicts often resort to bargaining—a process where parties negotiate the status quo to arrive at a mutually acceptable solution, a method that might involve both aggressive and non-aggressive tactics.
Understanding the role of facial expressions in human communication is essential, as they can convey a vast array of emotions and intentions, influencing the dynamics of any conflict or negotiation process.