Final answer:
The linker divides the address space of an executable into the code segment (text segment) and data segment, which includes initialized data and the BSS segment for uninitialized data.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the linker performs linking and relocation, it divides the address space of the executable into several logical segments. The correct answer to the question is Option 1) Code segment and data segment. These are fundamental divisions employed by the linker. The code segment, also known as the text segment, contains the executable instructions, while the data segment is further divided into initialized data for global and static variables, and the BSS segment (Block Started by Symbol), which contains uninitialized data. Additionally, the address space also typically includes the stack segment, for function call stacks, and the heap segment, for dynamic memory allocation, although these are managed by the operating system at runtime rather than at link time.