Final answer:
To convert 1010 from binary to decimal, each binary digit is multiplied by the corresponding power of 2. The result is 10 in decimal. For octal, binary is grouped in sets of three, and 1010 becomes 12 in octal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conversion of the binary number 1010 to both octal and decimal involves understanding the place value of binary digits. Binary numbers are based on powers of 2, meaning that each digit from right to left represents an increasing power of 2, starting with 20.
To convert the binary number 1010 to decimal, we would calculate 1x23 + 0x22 + 1x21 + 0x20 which equals (8 + 0 + 2 + 0) or 10 in decimal.
To convert binary to octal, group the binary number into sets of three digits from the right and then convert each group to its octal equivalent. The binary number 1010 is split into '10' (from right) and '1' (leftover). '10' maps to 2 in octal and '1' to 1, so the octal representation is 12.