Final answer:
Baghdad became a major center for Muslim art, literature, and science during the Abbasid Caliphate, attracting scholars and artists from across the Islamic world.
Step-by-step explanation:
The city that became a major center for Muslim art, literature, and science is Baghdad. During the Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad was a hub of intellectual and cultural activity, attracting scholars, artists, and scientists from all over the Islamic world. The city's diverse society allowed for the exchange of ideas and the flourishing of disciplines such as mathematics, philosophy, medicine, and literature.