Final answer:
The part of the nephron where most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed is the proximal convoluted tubule, which reabsorbs essential substances like glucose, amino acids, and ions back into the bloodstream.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the nephron where most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). The PCT is responsible for the reabsorption of approximately 65% of the glomerular filtrate, including vital substances like glucose, amino acids, and ions. This reabsorption ensures that essential nutrients are returned to the blood while waste products continue down the urinary system for excretion.