Final answer:
The part of the cell wall of bacteria that can cause fever in hemodialysis patients when released is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), specifically its lipid component lipid A, which triggers an inflammatory response.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the cell wall of bacteria that, when released, can cause fever in hemodialysis patients is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing LPS, which functions as an endotoxin. When these bacteria die or undergo binary fission, they release LPS into their surroundings. The toxic properties of LPS are attributed to its lipid component, lipid A, which is known to trigger the immune system's inflammatory response. High concentrations of endotoxin in the blood can cause an excessive inflammatory response, leading to severe complications such as a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure, and even death.