Final answer:
The medical model of rehabilitation focuses on treating offenders through rehabilitation rather than incarceration, addressing underlying issues and aiming for reintegration into society, which is shown to be particularly effective for juveniles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical model of rehabilitation suggests that some offenders, particularly those with drug addictions or mental health issues, may benefit more from treatment and rehabilitation than from incarceration. This model posits that by addressing the underlying causes of criminal behavior, such as substance abuse or psychiatric conditions, individuals can be equipped with the tools and support necessary to avoid recidivism and reintegrate into society as law-abiding citizens.
Historically, penal reforms have emphasized the potential for resocialization and moral redemption of offenders through structured programs, therapy, and education, as opposed to merely punitive measures.
Moreover, for juveniles, research suggests that alternatives to incarceration, like community service and diversion programs, are more effective in reducing future crime and in aiding the return to school, which in turn increases human capital and reduces the opportunity cost of crime.
Rehabilitation programs and drug courts aim to incorporate personalized treatment plans with legal supervision to lower recidivism rates, demonstrating a more humane and economical approach compared to harsher sentences.