Final answer:
The imposition of silence in early penitentiaries was a significant aspect of the prison discipline program designed for the reformation and moral redemption of inmates.
Step-by-step explanation:
In early penitentiaries, the imposition of silence was a crucial part of the prison discipline program. The intent was to reform and morally redeem criminals and debtors, leading to the establishment of penitentiaries designed to transform these individuals into law-abiding citizens. This transformation was to be achieved through methods like hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from corruption and social vices. However, the practices in penitentiaries of the time went beyond mere isolation.
For instance, the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated how easily silence and isolation could turn into forms of psychological torment, with the 'guards' imposing increasingly sadistic control over the 'prisoners'. Although this was an experiment, it reflected the harsh realities of prison life where solitary confinement and the deprivation of comfort were not uncommon. A key goal of these institutions was resocialization, a process often conducted in 'total institutions' where individuals were isolated from the broader society to ensure obedience to strict regulations, which included the enforcement of silence as a norm.
Throughout history, debates have continued regarding the effectiveness and humanity of various prison disciplines, including the use of isolation and enforced silence, contrasting them with more rehabilitative approaches including educational programs and therapeutic methods like rehabilitative theatre. The evolution of prisons has been influenced by various socio-political factors, such as the 'war on drugs' and the emergence of private prisons, contributing to America's complex relationship with its penitentiary system.