Final answer:
Hypnosis is a state of extreme self-focus and attention that can be used in therapy to alter thoughts and perceptions. It has been viewed with suspicion due to its portrayal in media, but is generally a safe and effective technique. People vary in their ability to be hypnotized, and it is important to have the necessary information before considering it as a treatment option.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypnosis is a state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli. In the therapeutic setting, a clinician may use relaxation and suggestion in an attempt to alter the thoughts and perceptions of a patient. Hypnosis has also been used to draw out information believed to be buried deeply in someone's memory. For individuals who are especially open to the power of suggestion, hypnosis can prove to be a very effective technique, and brain imaging studies have demonstrated that hypnotic states are associated with global changes in brain functioning.
Historically, hypnosis has been viewed with some suspicion because of its portrayal in popular media and entertainment. Contrary to popular belief, individuals undergoing hypnosis usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors. While hypnosis may be useful in enhancing memory or a skill, such enhancements are very modest in nature.
People vary in terms of their ability to be hypnotized, but a review of available research suggests that most people are at least moderately hypnotizable. Hypnosis in conjunction with other techniques is used for a variety of therapeutic purposes and has shown to be at least somewhat effective for pain management, treatment of depression and anxiety, smoking cessation, and weight loss.
Two theories attempt to answer the question of how hypnosis work. One theory views hypnosis as dissociation and the other theory views it as the performance of a social role. According to the dissociation view, hypnosis is effectively a dissociated state of consciousness, much like our earlier example where you may drive to work, but you are only minimally aware of the process of driving because your attention is focused elsewhere. This theory is supported by Ernest Hilgard's research into hypnosis and pain.
In order to be willing to consider hypnosis and/or meditation as a treatment option, it is important to have the necessary information. This may include understanding the specific goals of the treatment, having a clear understanding of the potential benefits and limitations, and having confidence in the expertise of the practitioner.