Final answer:
Affirmative action programs involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals as an effort to address past discrimination against minorities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Affirmative action programs involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals. They are active efforts by government or businesses to give special rights to minorities in hiring and promotion in order to make up for past discrimination. Affirmative action policies are not imposed by federal law on all employers, but they are still used in certain circumstances.