Final answer:
It is false that a person with a negative blood type can receive positive blood and a person with a positive blood type can receive negative blood without risk. Blood transfusion compatibility is determined by the ABO blood group system and the Rh factor, with O negative being the universal donor and AB positive the universal recipient.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is false that a person with a negative blood type can safely receive positive blood type in a transfusion, and vice versa. The compatibility of blood transfusions is determined by ABO blood group system and the Rh factor. Individuals with Rh negative blood (Rh-) can only receive Rh negative blood, while those with Rh positive blood (Rh+) can receive both Rh positive and Rh negative blood. This is because the presence of the Rh antigen (also referred to as the D antigen) can cause an immune response if introduced into the body of someone who does not have it.
Type O negative blood is the universal donor, meaning anyone of any blood type can receive O negative blood safely. Conversely, individuals with type AB positive blood are considered universal recipients, as they can accept all ABO and Rh types of blood without adverse reactions.
In regards to the other parts of the original question: the D antigen is not part of the ABO blood group system; it is part of the Rh system. As for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), it is more likely to occur in a second pregnancy if the first child was Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, and the mother's body has produced antibodies against Rh+ blood.