Question

Describe how translation initiation in eukaryotes works, including how the ribosome finds the start codon and where translation happens in the cell.

Answer 1

Translation initiation in eukaryotes begins with the binding of the small ribosomal subunit to initiation factors and an initiator tRNA at the start codon of an mRNA. Eukaryotic ribosomes bind to the 5' cap of the mRNA. The large ribosomal subunit is then recruited to complete the translation process.

Step-by-step explanation:

Translation initiation in eukaryotes begins with the binding of the small ribosomal subunit to initiation factors and an initiator tRNA at the start codon of an mRNA. In eukaryotic cells, the start codon codes for methionine carried by a special initiator tRNA. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic ribosomes bind to the 5' cap of the mRNA instead of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The initiation complex then recruits the large ribosomal subunit to complete the translation process.