Final answer:
Retrograde transport is the axoplasmic movement of materials from axon terminals back to the neuron's cell body, facilitated by dynein motor proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of axoplasmic transport that travels toward the neuron's cell body is known as retrograde transport. This is the process where materials are moved from the axon terminals back toward the cell body. It is carried out by motor proteins, specifically the dynein motor protein, which is associated with the dynactin complex. Dynein motor proteins, powered by ATP, are responsible for the movement of various organelles and vesicles in the neuron.
By contrast, anterograde transport is when materials are moved away from the cell body toward the axon terminals, a process typically associated with another motor protein called kinesin. Retrograde transport is crucial for the neuron because it allows for the recycling of neurotransmitter vesicles and provides the cell body with important signals about the metabolic state of the axon and synaptic termini.