Final answer:
A unipolar neuron has one nerve process extending from the cell body, and in humans, these are typically pseudo-unipolar cells predominantly found in sensory neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of neuron that has one nerve process extending from the cell body is referred to as a unipolar neuron. However, in the human nervous system, we typically encounter pseudo-unipolar neurons. These neurons have an axon that emerges from the cell body and splits into two branches, one connecting to dendrites and the other transmitting information to the central nervous system. These cells are predominantly sensory neurons, and their cell bodies are generally located within ganglia. Notably, invertebrate unipolar cells lack dendrites, while vertebrate pseudo-unipolar cells possess an axon that can extend a substantial distance, with dendrites at one end and synaptic connections with a target at the other.
Sensory neurons, which include pseudo-unipolar cells in humans, have their cell bodies located in ganglia and receive sensory information that they convey to the central nervous system.