Final answer:
The exploitation of an interactive process to gain access to restricted areas is known as privilege escalation. This process exploits weaknesses to gain elevated access normally reserved for higher privileged users like administrators. Options like buffer overflow, persistence, and pharming are related to other security issues but do not describe this particular exploitation technique.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the exploitation of an interactive process to gain access to restricted areas. The correct term for this is privilege escalation. This involves exploiting a bug, design flaw, or configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user. By doing so, a user can perform actions that they are not usually allowed to do, such as accessing data or executing commands that only higher privileged users like administrators should be able to execute.
Buffer overflow, another option mentioned, is an attack where a program is provided with more data than it can handle, potentially allowing an attacker to overwrite memory and, in some cases, execute arbitrary code but doesn't directly relate to the exploitation of an interactive process. Persistence refers to an attacker's ability to maintain access to a system despite restarts, changed credentials, and other attempts to remove the access. Pharming is a different form of cyberattack that redirects a website's traffic to a fraudulent website without the user's knowledge. The answer given does not include irrelevant options such as 'persistence' and 'pharming' which do not describe the exploitation of an interactive process to gain access.