Final answer:
Sexual harassment defines the unwanted actions or threats in a workplace context related to personal benefits and is prohibited by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that defines taking or threatening to take an unfavorable personnel action, or withholding or threatening to withhold a favorable personnel action, in a workplace context is known as sexual harassment. This can manifest as quid pro quo harassment, where sexual favors are requested in exchange for job benefits, or as creating a hostile work environment through unwelcome sexual behavior or communication.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits such conduct when it affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with work performance, or fosters an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.