Final answer:
Edward Hopper contributed to film noir through heightened urban realism, while Surrealism offered different visual strategies using humor, dreams, and the subconscious. Surrealist artists like Chagall, Sage, and Dalí were crucial in bringing imaginative and politically-charged visions into art. Surrealism's influence continues across various artistic and cultural domains.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, Edward Hopper indeed contributed to noir's embrace of a heightened urban realism through his artworks, such as Nighthawks. This painting reflects the realistic urban setting and evokes a timeless feel that has allowed it to become an iconic piece in American art. In parallel, Surrealism offered a contrasting set of visual strategies to noir, featuring obtuse humor, dream-like sequences, and religious undertones.
Surrealists like Marc Chagall, Kay Sage, and Salvador Dalí, through their unique use of color and movement, captured the bizarre and imaginative worlds born from their subconscious minds. These visual strategies ranged from Tanning's swirling motion to Magritte's stillness, offering a sandbox for the subconscious.
Furthermore, the movement's influence burgeoned beyond visual arts to affect various fields, such as movies, the internet, and advertising. Each painter within the Surrealist movement brought their distinctive styles and infused their works with personal interpretations of the world, which often reflected their political ideologies or revolutionary politics, particularly in the context of interwar and post-World War II transformations. As Surrealism merged with other avant-garde movements, it paved the way for new forms like abstract, pop art, op art, and influenced the rise of Abstract Expressionism.