Final answer:
Option 4 is correct, as neither finalization nor garbage collection is guaranteed in memory management for programming languages like Java. Programmers should not depend on these processes and should manage resources properly in their code.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement "Neither finalization nor garbage collection is guaranteed" refers to the process of managing memory in programming, particularly in languages like Java. The correct answer to the question is 4) Neither finalization nor garbage collection is guaranteed. Garbage collection is a form of automatic memory management where the garbage collector attempts to reclaim memory occupied by objects no longer in use by the program. Finalization is a feature in some languages where an object can clean up resources before it is collected by the garbage collector. However, the timing of when, or even if, the garbage collector will collect an object is not guaranteed. Moreover, the finalization process can be unpredictable and depends on various factors such as the current state of the system and JVM implementation. Hence, programmers should not rely solely on finalization and garbage collection to manage resources and should ensure proper resource management within their code.