Final answer:
The VAL66MET allele of the BDNF gene affects the secretion of BDNF, which influences brain anatomy and cognitive functions. MET allele carriers may have differences in brain volume and stress responses and this polymorphism's interaction with BDNF expression is important in psychiatric conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between the VAL66MET allele and the BDNF gene is a subject of considerable interest within the field of genetics and its impact on mental health. The VAL66MET polymorphism refers to a substitution of methionine (MET) for valine (VAL) at codon 66 in the pro-region of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Research has demonstrated that this genetic variation can affect the activity-dependent secretion of BDNF, which is essential for proper neuronal function and plasticity.
Individuals carrying the MET allele have shown differences in brain anatomy and cognitive function compared to those with two copies of the VAL allele. Specifically, MET carriers may have lower hippocampal volume and may display altered responses to stress and cognitive tasks. Understanding the interaction between the VAL66MET polymorphism and BDNF expression is key for comprehending its potential role in psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, and could inform personalized approaches to treatment.