Final answer:
In eukaryotic cells, promoter-proximal elements located near the promoter are bound by transcription activators, which play a crucial role in facilitating transcription.
Step-by-step explanation:
In eukaryotes, regions that are located close to the promoter and are often bound by transcription activators to help facilitate transcription are known as promoter-proximal elements. These elements, such as the CAAT box and the GC box, are typically found within a few hundred base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site and are essential for the regulation of gene transcription.
When specific transcription factors bind to these promoter-proximal elements, they act as cis-acting elements because they are on the same chromosome and adjacent to the gene they regulate. Additionally, other regulatory elements called enhancers can increase the efficiency of transcription, though they may be located far from the gene they enhance.