Final answer:
Erosion, compaction, and sedimentation are specifically related processes that lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks, which are composed of weathered particles from other rocks or mineral precipitates.
Step-by-step explanation:
The processes of erosion, compaction, and sedimentation are most closely associated with sedimentary rocks. This type of rock forms through a series of steps that include the weathering of pre-existing rocks, the transportation of these eroded particles by wind, water, or ice, and the eventual deposition, compaction, and cementation of these particles to form new rocks. We observe these processes when we find rocks composed of fragments like sandstone or mudstone, as well as in rocks formed from precipitates of dissolved minerals, such as limestone and salt. Sedimentary rocks are often layered or stratified, resulting from different episodes of sediment deposition. Over time, these sediments are buried and compacted by overlying materials, and minerals precipitating from water passing through the sediments can bind the particles together.In contrast, igneous rocks form from the solidification of molten magma or lava, and metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of pre-existing rocks under heat and pressure without melting. Therefore, the main answer to the student's question is option 1), sedimentary rocks.