Final answer:
True, research misconduct includes falsification, fabrication, or plagiarism in various stages of research. Stapel's case exemplifies the severe consequences of such actions. Academic integrity is vital, and peer review acts as an essential check in the scientific community.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, research misconduct is defined as falsification, fabrication, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, reviewing research, or in reporting research results. Plagiarism means presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without proper attribution, and falsification includes altering or manufacturing data or results. It is crucial for researchers, including student researchers, to accurately cite sources that inform their work to avoid any form of academic dishonesty. The case of Diederik Stapel, who altered data and misrepresented experimental subjects, is a clear example of unethical practices in research that can lead to severe reputational damage and academic consequences.
The formal process through which scientific research is checked before being accepted into scientific literature is called peer review. This process helps ensure the originality, significance, and quality of the research. It is a cornerstone of scientific integrity and acts as a deterrent to plagiarism and falsification of data. Academic integrity is a fundamental principle that should be adhered to in academic and research settings to maintain the trustworthiness of scientific inquiry and reporting.