Final answer:
Selecting subjects based on relevant reasons is a reflection of the ethical principle of justice, which requires fairness in research subject selection and is connected to the broader use of reason in ethical deliberation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Selecting subjects based on reasons directly related to the problem being studied reflects the ethical principle of justice. This principle emphasizes fairness and equity in the selection process, ensuring that subjects are chosen for relevant reasons to the research, not for convenience or bias. The concept of justice aligns with a Kantian approach that treats all individuals as ends in themselves and not merely as means to an end. It is one of the four main ethical principles in research, alongside autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. In research ethics, justice requires the equitable distribution of both the burdens and benefits of research.
In philosophy, discussions around ethical principles often center on the use of reason to establish a moral framework. Philosophers have long debated the existence of principles with universal application, aiming to find those that align with the core values of the human community. The postmodern dialectical process encourages a continual reflection and critical examination of arguments to support moral positions, emphasizing the need for well-reasoned principles to guide our moral decisions and resolve ethical conflicts.