Final answer:
Chromosomal mutations like deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation involve large-scale changes to chromosomes and can have significant effects on an organism's development and health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chromosomal mutations are large-scale mutations that result in changes at the chromosome level. They can include a variety of different types such as:
- Deletion - A part of a chromosome is lost, leading to a missing piece in the genetic material.
- Duplication - An extra copy of a section of a chromosome is made, leading to redundant genetic material.
- Inversion - A piece of the chromosome breaks off, flips around, and then reattaches; this can disrupt the genetic sequence.
- Translocation - A segment of one chromosome breaks off and is attached to a different chromosome, which can result in genetic disorders like chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Each type of chromosomal mutation can have significant consequences for an organism, often resulting in developmental delays, abnormalities, and diseases, dependent on which genes are affected by the mutation.