Final answer:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are not chemical carcinogens; HPV is a virus and UV radiation is a form of energy. Cigarette smoke and vinyl chloride are chemical carcinogens associated with lung and liver cancer respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the identification of substances that are not chemical carcinogens from a given list. Chemical carcinogens are substances that can lead to cancer by causing mutations in DNA. Examples of chemical carcinogens include benzo[a]pyrene found in cigarette smoke, and vinyl chloride, which is a synthetic compound. Both substances are associated with different types of cancer like lung cancer and liver cancer, respectively. However, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus, not a chemical, and is known to cause cervical cancer, among others. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, while a risk factor for skin cancer, is not a chemical but a form of energy.
Cigarette smoke is well-known for its carcinogenic properties due to the presence of chemicals like nicotine, formaldehyde, benzopyrene, acrolein, and nitrosamines. Exposure to tobacco smoke is a leading cause of lung cancer. It is also linked to cancers of the mouth, throat, and bladder. UV radiation, on the other hand, may cause mutations in the skin cells leading to skin cancer, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma.
Signs of cancer can be varied but may include changes such as a new lump or growth, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, pain, skin changes, or changes in bowel or bladder habits.