Final answer:
Spina bifida is the pathology associated with the disruption of the caudal end of the neural tube during embryonic development, potentially leading to serious disabilities and neurological issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathology associated with the disruption of the caudal end of the neural tube is a developmental defect called spina bifida. This condition occurs during embryonic development when the neural tube, which forms the early nervous system, fails to close completely in the posterior region where the spinal cord should develop. As a result, meninges and neural tissue may emerge through openings in the vertebral column, leading to a range of disabilities and neurological issues.
The development of the nervous system is crucial as it not only contributes to the formation of the central nervous system (CNS) but also influences the development of surrounding tissues. If there is an issue like spina bifida, it can affect the connective tissues around the CNS. Understanding the neural tube closure process and how it relates to embryonic development is important for understanding the potential impacts on an individual's health.