Final answer:
Spina Bifida is the congenital disorder that can cause a lesion on the spinal cord with meninges and neural tissue protrusion. The severe form known as myelomeningocele involves the spinal nerves leading to significant neurological symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The congenital disorder that can cause a spinal cord lesion, as described with conditions involving the emergence of meninges and neural tissue through the vertebral column, is Spina Bifida. The disorder has three classes: occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Spina bifida is a birth defect of the spinal cord where the neural tube does not completely close during development. Of the options provided, Spinal Muscular Atrophy (such as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) is also a congenital disorder affecting the spinal cord, but it does not cause the specific type of lesion characterized by meningeal and neural protrusions.
Myelomeningocele, the most severe form of spina bifida, involves protrusion of the meninges and spinal nerves, which can lead to severe neurological symptoms. The other options given—spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—are not congenital disorders and therefore would not be the correct answer in this context.