Final answer:
The main types of mosque plans studied are the hypostyle mosque and the four-Iwan mosque. Common architectural elements include minarets, domes, vaults, and columns. These elements were inspired by various architectural precedents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main types of mosque plans studied in Islamic architecture are the hypostyle mosque and the four-Iwan mosque. The hypostyle mosque has a large prayer hall with rows of columns supporting the roof, while the four-Iwan mosque has a central courtyard surrounded by four halls. Common architectural elements in mosques include minarets, domes, vaults, and columns. These elements were inspired by various architectural precedents, such as Roman, Sassanid, and Byzantine models, as well as the design of Muhammad's home in Medina.