Final answer:
Carlsbad Caverns was discovered through a combination of scientific exploration and accidental discoveries. The caves were formed through the erosion of limestone by water and were then discovered by explorers and scientists studying the area's geology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carlsbad Caverns was discovered through a combination of scientific exploration and accidental discoveries. The caves were formed over millions of years through the erosion of limestone by water. The acidic brines created by evaporite deposits dissolved the underlying carbonate reef, forming extensive caves and karst. These caves were then discovered by explorers and scientists who were studying the geology of the area.