Final answer:
Lower motoneurons can be either ipsi-lateral or contralateral to the muscles they innervate, depending on the descending motor pathway involved.
Step-by-step explanation:
No, lower motoneurons are not always ipsi-lateral to the muscle they innervate. Ipsilateral means that they are on the same side of the body, while contralateral means they are on the opposite side. In the case of lower motoneurons, they can be either ipsilateral or contralateral depending on the descending motor pathway involved.
For example, the axons of the corticobulbar tract are ipsilateral, while the axons of the corticospinal tract are largely contralateral.
Therefore, it is not always true that lower motoneurons are ipsi-lateral to the muscle they innervate.