Final answer:
Every Schwann cell myelinates exactly one axon in the peripheral nervous system, significantly differing from oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, which can insulate multiple axons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Each Schwann cell can myelinate only one axon. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system and are responsible for the production of the myelin sheath around axons. This is in contrast to oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, which can myelinate multiple axons. Schwann cells wrap around a single portion of an axon segment, insulating it to enhance the speed of nerve impulse transmission.