Final answer:
The axon is the part of the neuron responsible for sending electrical impulses to other neurons, with the end of the axon leading to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the neuron that sends output (electrical impulses) to other neurons is the axon. Neurons consist of a cell body with dendrites and an axon. The dendrites receive signals, while the axon is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other cells. At the end of the axon are axon terminals, where nerve impulses are transmitted to other neurons or effector cells across a synapse. When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it generates an action potential that travels down the axon, leading to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, which can then stimulate the next neuron. The myelin sheath, often found on axons, speeds up this electrical conduction, ensuring quick and efficient signal transmission within the nervous system.