Final answer:
The name of the historical painting is 'The Third of May 1808' by Francisco de Goya. It is a backhanded critique of the state and evokes sympathy for the revolutionary by depicting political unrest. The painting portrays the French response to the Second of May Uprising in Madrid and is a powerful anti-war statement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the historical painting sponsored by the state, but actually a backhanded critique of the state by depicting political unrest that evokes sympathy for the revolutionary is The Third of May 1808 by Francisco de Goya. This painting was commissioned by the Spanish provisional government after the final expulsion of the French from Spain in 1814. It depicts the French response to the Second of May Uprising in Madrid, Spain, and represents the execution of Spanish rebels by Napoleonic soldiers. The painting is considered one of the great paintings of all time and is a powerful anti-war statement.