Question

Tia is examining the connection between exposure to movies with racially diverse characters and anti-racist attitudes in children. She first measures exposure to racially diverse movies in children and then follows up with the same children two years later to measure their attitudes toward race. She finds a strong correlation, showing that children exposed to more movies with racially diverse characters report stronger anti-racist attitudes.

Identify the three causal criteria as either established or not established by Tia in her study.
a. Established
b. covariance
c. temporal precedence
d. Not Established
e. internal validity

Answer 1

Tia's study established temporal precedence and covariance, but not internal validity in examining the connection between exposure to racially diverse movies and anti-racist attitudes in children.

Step-by-step explanation:

Established: Temporal Precedence, Covariance
Not Established: Internal Validity

In Tia's study, she has established two out of the three causal criteria. Temporal precedence is established because she measured exposure to racially diverse movies in children first and then followed up with the same children two years later to measure their attitudes toward race. Covariance is also established because Tia found a strong correlation between exposure to racially diverse movies and anti-racist attitudes in children.

However, internal validity is not established in Tia's study because there may be other factors that could explain the correlation between exposure to racially diverse movies and anti-racist attitudes. For example, children may also be exposed to other forms of diversity in their environment, such as diverse friendships or diverse school settings, which could influence their attitudes toward race.